Pesticides

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Plant protection products, biocides, fertilisers and macro-organisms

Plant protection products and biocides are used by professionals and individuals on harmful organisms to destroy, deter or render them harmless. Before they can be placed on the market, the Agency is responsible for assessing the effectiveness of these products and the risks associated with their use. It also assesses fertilisers, growing media and macro-organisms.

Our actions

Regarding marketing authorisations, these are issued on the basis of the findings of the scientific risk assessment, by ANSES for plant protection products, fertilisers and growing media and their adjuvants, and also for biocides.

The Agency also monitors residues of these products in food and the environment, and the emergence of resistance to these products. 

News

Review of ANSES’s work on prosulfocarb
Paysage de campagne
03/10/2023

Review of ANSES’s work on prosulfocarb

Prosulfocarb is one of the most widely sold herbicidal active substances in France. For several years now, ANSES has been paying close attention to the problems posed by spray drift of prosulfocarb products. For example, the Agency has examined deposits on non-target crops following prosulfocarb treatments. It has also updated its assessment of products with regard to the exposure of local residents. Below we take stock of the work carried out by ANSES since 2017.
Bed bugs are a financial burden and reduce quality of life for many people in France
punaises de lit
19/07/2023

Bed bugs are a financial burden and reduce quality of life for many people in France

Between 2017 and 2022, more than one in 10 French households were infested by bed bugs. Contrary to popular belief, their presence does not indicate a lack of cleanliness, and anyone can fall victim to an infestation in their home. Moreover, bed bugs are a costly nuisance for households in metropolitan France, considering the expense of treatment and the psychological impact. The Agency therefore recommends that certain households be provided with financial assistance to cover the costs associated with exterminating bed bugs. It also recommends that professionals and private individuals favour alternative control methods instead of chemical insecticides.
ANSES portraits: women in science
Activités Recherche
10/02/2023

ANSES portraits: women in science

To mark the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, six of the women who contribute to science at ANSES talk about their work.
Research to understand the effects of glyphosate on trout
Truite arc-en-ciel
22/11/2022

Research to understand the effects of glyphosate on trout

Based on experiments conducted with several generations of fish, an ANSES team explored the effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on the health of rainbow trout. This research showed that whether used pure or in herbicides, glyphosate could have effects on multiple generations of this species.
Proposal of criteria to restrict self-service sales of biocidal products
Biocides
16/11/2022

Proposal of criteria to restrict self-service sales of biocidal products

Insecticides, hand sanitiser gels, rodent baits and surface disinfectants belong to a class of products called biocides that are part of our everyday lives. In order to reduce their impact on human and animal health and the environment, the French EGAlim Act provides for a ban on self-service sales of certain products to the general public. In this context, ANSES was tasked with defining criteria to determine which categories of biocidal products deserve special attention and restrictions on access. These products would nonetheless remain available for purchase under conditions to be defined by the authorities.
Studying differences in the insecticide resistance of green aphids
Un puceron vert du pêcher
10/11/2022

Studying differences in the insecticide resistance of green aphids

In aphids of the species Myzus persicae , there is a low rate of gene flow for insecticide resistance between the populations that colonise different plant species. This discovery made by scientists from ANSES, INRAE and the University of Montpellier may lead to a new approach to the strategies implemented to control the development of resistance to these pesticides.
Drosophila as a model for exploring the effects of pesticides on Parkinson’s disease
Une mouche drosophile
04/02/2022
News

Drosophila as a model for exploring the effects of pesticides on Parkinson’s disease

The Drosophila melanogaster or fruit fly may be used to assess whether pesticides induce an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. This was the conclusion reached by scientists in the ANSES Lyon Laboratory’s Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, who have been collaborating with researchers from the École Normale Supérieure in Lyon. Working on paraquat, they also showed that the effects of this compound on proteins were not strictly identical to those of ageing. We interviewed Jean-Noël Arsac, one of the authors of the study.
Could mosquito traps provide an additional tool for controlling vector-borne diseases?
Pieges Moustiques
16/11/2021
News

Could mosquito traps provide an additional tool for controlling vector-borne diseases?

Mosquito traps are increasingly used in public spaces as a means to prevent mosquito bites and to control mosquito-borne diseases. However, the studies currently available are not sufficient to demonstrate the short-term effectiveness of these traps in preventing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. ANSES is therefore encouraging their use primarily as a preventive measure (in the medium and long term) to reduce high mosquito density as part of an integrated control strategy. ANSES also points out that the marketing and use of these traps must comply with regulations. In recent decades, a number of mosquito-borne diseases – such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika – have spread outside tropical regions. The use of mosquito traps as a complement or alternative to other techniques for controlling the spread of viruses, is a relatively recent idea. In France, the operators responsible for limiting the spread of mosquitoes are appointed by the Regional Health Agencies (ARSs). Some 15 operators currently exist, but they do not all use mosquito traps in the same way. ANSES conducted a literature review to assess the effectiveness of the mosquito traps used by operators as part of vector control. Several ways to attract female mosquitoes Two main types of trap are used to catch female mosquitoes, which are the only ones able to bite and to transmit pathogens. The first type of trap simulates an egg-laying site. A water-filled container uses a variety of means, including insecticide and glue strips, to trap the females when they come to lay their eggs. The second type of trap attracts mosquitoes by simulating the breathing of a living being through the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or the use of visual or olfactory attractants (for example, lactic acid to simulate human body odour). A control method to be used alongside other techniques “ We have a body of evidence showing that both types of trap can have a preventive effect in reducing the mosquito population in the medium and long term (over several weeks, months, or even years), providing that they are well maintained and used in sufficient numbers ,” says Johanna Fite, head of the "Vectors" unit at ANSES. “ However, they are not a magic solution. Traps are most effective when used in conjunction with other control methods , particularly the elimination of breeding sites. " No studies concerning the impact of traps on the spread of disease Some operators place traps when cases of vector-borne disease are identified. Traps are set up for a period of three to six weeks around the homes of infected people. The expert appraisal conducted by ANSES identified no data shedding light on the effectiveness of traps in quickly containing the spreading of disease when the viruses are already in circulation. The Agency therefore recommends that research be carried out in order to collect data on this question and to determine the best conditions for the deployment of these traps, based on different epidemiological scenarios, including an isolated case, an outbreak and an epidemic. Pending these additional data, mosquito traps should be used only as a preventive measure, or in cases where it is not possible to use an insecticide, for example when the area to be treated is inaccessible or close to a waterway. A reminder needed of the regulations CO2, lactic acid and other substances used to attract female mosquitoes are biocidal substances. Traps using these substances must therefore comply with the regulations on biocides . They also require marketing authorisation (MA). To date, no applications for marketing authorisation have been filed in France for mosquito traps using CO2. Under the terms of a transitional regime, the marketing of traps using CO2 produced through combustion is authorised until July 2022. After this date, it will no longer be possible to sell traps without a marketing authorisation in France. Applications for marketing authorisation must include documentary proof of the effectiveness and safety of these traps. Finally, devices will not be able to make claims such as "zero nuisance" or "mosquito-free home" without proof.
Three questions for Ohri Yamada on the phytopharmacovigilance
19/10/2021
News

Three questions for Ohri Yamada on the phytopharmacovigilance

The phytopharmacovigilance scheme that we coordinate, which is specific to France, focuses on the effects of plant protection products and their residues, observed under their actual conditions of use. Ohri Yamada, Head of the Phytopharmacovigilance Unit, gives us an overview of the scheme.
Launch of PestiRiv : an original study on the exposure to pesticides of people living near vineyards
19/10/2021
News

Launch of PestiRiv : an original study on the exposure to pesticides of people living near vineyards

A large part of the rural population in France lives in wine-growing regions. Are these people particularly exposed to the plant protection products used and if so, how? Today, to answer these questions, Santé publique France and ANSES are launching PestiRiv, the first large-scale study aiming to better understand and shed light on exposure to pesticides in people living near vineyards. Measurements taken from 3,350 individuals in six French regions will enable the sources that most contribute to pesticide exposure to be objectively identified so that appropriate preventive measures can be taken.
Ensuring that hand sanitisers are effective against coronavirus
gel hydroalcoolique
30/06/2021
News

Ensuring that hand sanitisers are effective against coronavirus

ANSES's expert appraisal has confirmed the effectiveness of the hand sanitiser gels and solutions manufactured and placed on the market under a special exemption from March 2020 to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. However, for long-lasting effectiveness, it is preferable to use gels and solutions with at least 65% alcohol or whose effectiveness against viruses has been validated experimentally in accordance with the EN 14476 standard.
Use of pesticides in the home in the French overseas territories (Reunion Island, Guadeloupe, Martinique)
Pesticides
28/06/2021
News

Use of pesticides in the home in the French overseas territories (Reunion Island, Guadeloupe, Martinique)

Used in gardens and homes or as antiparasitic products for humans and pets, pesticides expose the public to health risks that need to be controlled. In order to better understand the practices and uses of pesticides in the French overseas territories, ANSES conducted the Pesti'home study. Following its first report in October 2019 focusing on metropolitan France, today it is publishing the findings of the survey carried out among 608 households in the French Caribbean and on Reunion Island.

Decryption

Risks of dietary exposure to chlordecone in the French Caribbean
Chlordécone
20/09/2024

Risks of dietary exposure to chlordecone in the French Caribbean

Chlordecone is a pesticide that can pose a risk to human health. It was used in banana plantations in the French Caribbean until 1993. Being very persistent, it has permanently contaminated the soil and water, and even today has an impact on crops and livestock production. Since the early 2000s, ANSES has been working to improve knowledge on exposure of the French Caribbean population to this contaminant and the associated health risks. In particular, it has made recommendations on the consumption of locally produced food.
Facilitating access to biocontrol solutions: products and macro-organisms
Biocontrole
03/04/2024

Facilitating access to biocontrol solutions: products and macro-organisms

Biocontrol is one way of facilitating the substitution of synthetic plant protection products by alternatives. Although they are of natural origin, these solutions still have to be scientifically assessed before they can be used, to ensure their effectiveness and their safety to health and the environment. ANSES has set up an internal organisation to examine applications for biocontrol plant protection products, in order to be able to achieve the shorter processing times imposed by the French Rural Code.
Review of the Agency’s work on glyphosate
Produits Phytopharmaceutiques
24/03/2024

Review of the Agency’s work on glyphosate

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicidal active substance used on plants in agricultural, forested and non-agricultural areas. Its approval in the European Union was renewed at the end of 2023. As well as assessing dossiers submitted by manufacturers wishing to renew their marketing authorisations for glyphosate products, ANSES assesses the risks of this class of herbicides as part of its scientific expert appraisal and phytopharmacovigilance missions.
Why is it important to limit our use of biocidal chemicals?
Biocides
12/12/2023

Why is it important to limit our use of biocidal chemicals?

Disinfectants, insecticides, repellents – in our daily lives, we use chemical products known as “biocides” that can be toxic to our health and the environment. Sometimes, they are used excessively and for non-essential purposes, contributing to increasing our exposure to chemicals and potentially leading to resistance in target organisms. Why should we limit our use of these products, and how can we do so? ANSES answers your questions.
Marketing authorisation of fertilisers, fertiliser adjuvants and growing media
Fertilisants
05/01/2023

Marketing authorisation of fertilisers, fertiliser adjuvants and growing media

ANSES assesses fertilisers, their adjuvants and growing media before they can be placed on the market. Based on the findings of the assessment, the Agency approves them or not. The assessment is based on examination by the Regulated Products Assessment Department (DEPR) of the marketing authorisation approval application filed with ANSES, in compliance with the provisions of the French Rural and Maritime Fishing Code and based on recommendations proposed in the 'Information memo for applicants regarding approval of fertilisers and growing media'. Below, a presentation of the contents of the marketing authorisation approval application and the methods for assessing these products.
Biotechnology
13/04/2022

Biotechnology

With the rise of genetic engineering, biotechnology enables us to directly influence the genes of living organisms to modify their properties. Biotechnology is used in many sectors, from research to industrial applications, including in agriculture and health. Since its creation, ANSES has fulfilled various roles involving genetically modified plants in food or feed, known as GMOs. On 1 January 2022, these roles acquired a new dimension following the dissolution of the High Council for Biotechnology.
What are the health issues and environmental challenges presented by herbicide-tolerant varieties?
tournesols
18/06/2021

What are the health issues and environmental challenges presented by herbicide-tolerant varieties?

Herbicide-tolerant varieties (HTVs) are crop varieties that have been developed to be intentionally tolerant to specific herbicids. In France, HTVs of sunflower and rapeseed have been growing in popularity since the early 2010s. In a changing regulatory context and in order to address public concerns, the Agency has conducted several studies to assess the farming practices reshaped by the use of HTVs and identify their potential risks for farmers, consumers and the environment. We provide an overview of the challenges that need to be overcome to improve the traceability and monitoring of HTVs in France.
Masks treated with biocidal products: a review of regulations
Masques
09/04/2021

Masks treated with biocidal products: a review of regulations

Some of the masks used against COVID-19 are treated with substances designed to protect the wearer against micro-organisms, and particularly the COVID-19 virus. Here is a review of the situation in four questions.
Biocidal products
Biocides
21/10/2020

Biocidal products

Biocidal products are substances or preparations intended to destroy, deter or render harmless pest organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, rodents, insects, etc. These products can have a chemical or biological action (e.g. use of beneficial micro-organisms) and are intended for domestic, professional or industrial use.
Neonicotinoids
Néonicotinoïdes
16/10/2020

Neonicotinoids

Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticidal substances. The use of neonicotinoid products in agriculture has raised concerns in many countries, primarily because of their effects on pollinating insects. New scientific evidence has led the European Union to progressively restrict the uses of these substances, leaving only two approved for plant protection purposes. In France, the use of neonicotinoid products has been prohibited in agriculture since 2018. ANSES has conducted extensive work to assess the effects of these substances on bees and has been particularly active in strengthening the requirements for using these products.
Assessment of plant protection products
Produits Phytopharmaceutiques
12/10/2020

Assessment of plant protection products

Plant protection products are formulations intended to protect plants and plant products.These products must obtain authorisation before they can be placed on the market, on the basis of a scientific assessment. Find out what these products are, how they are regulated and whats is Anses's mission.
Contamination of air by pesticides
Pesticides
02/07/2020

Contamination of air by pesticides

Air pollution caused by pesticides is one of the components of atmospheric pollution. However, it is still less well documented than the contamination of water or food by these same substances. There is currently no national surveillance plan or regulatory value for pesticide contamination of the various air environments (outdoor and indoor air). Because improving air quality is a major public health issue, a national plan for the reduction of atmospheric pollutant emissions (PREPA) has been implemented as a roadmap for achieving this, through some 50 actions. These include the national exploratory campaign to measure pesticides in outdoor air (CNEP), led by ANSES alongside Ineris and the AASQA network, with a view to establishing permanent targeted monitoring at national level.

Publications

Document PDF
Health reference values
Date de mise en ligne
18/04/2024
Numéro de saisine
2019-SA-0202
Document PDF
Assessment of the risks related to physical agents and new technologies
Date de mise en ligne
09/12/2020
Numéro de saisine
2020-SA-0134
Document PDF
Assessment of the risks related to biocidal substances and products
Date de mise en ligne
23/06/2020
Numéro de saisine
2016-SA-0238
Document PDF
Substances and plant protection products, biocontrol
Date de mise en ligne
22/07/2019
Numéro de saisine
2018-SA-0078
Document PDF
Substances and plant protection products, biocontrol
Date de mise en ligne
15/01/2019
Numéro de saisine
2018-SA-0113